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Burmese Indians
Burmese Indians () are a group of people of Indian origin who live in Burma. While Indians have lived in Burma for many centuries, most of the ancestors of the current Burmese Indian community emigrated to Burma from the start of British rule in the mid-19th century to the separation of British Burma from British India in 1937. During British times, ethnic Indians formed the backbone of the government and economy serving as soldiers, civil servants, merchants and moneylenders. A series of anti-Indian riots beginning in 1930 and mass emigration during the Japanese occupation of Burma followed by the forced expulsion of 1962 left ethnic Indians with a much reduced role in Burma.
Ethnic Indians today account for approximately 2% (about 950,000) of the population of Burma and are concentrated largely in the two major cities (Yangon and Mandalay) and old colonial towns (Pyin U Lwin and Kalaw). They are largely barred from the civil service and military and are disenfranchised by being labeled as 'foreigners' and 'non-citizens' of Burma. Amongst the well-known Burmese Indians is S. N. Goenka, a leading practitioner and teacher of vipassanā meditation, Parshuram Verma(Freedom Fighter in Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose army in Myanmar, social worker and leader of repatriated Indian Burmese in Bihar & UP) and Helen, a well-known Bollywood film actress who is also Anglo-Burmese.
==History==
The term "Burmese Indian" refers to a broad range of ethnic groups from India, most notably from present-day Bangladesh and India. Indians have a long history in Burma with over 2000 years of active engagement in politics, religion, culture, arts and cuisine. Within Burma, they are often referred to as ''ka-la'' or ''ka-laar''(a term generally used for dark skinned foreigners from India, Africa and the west), a term that is considered derogatory or ''Kala Lumyo''. Its root is believed to be ''ku la'' meaning either "to cross over (the Bay of Bengal)" or "person" depending on the way it is pronounced. An alternative explanation is that the word is derived from “Ku lar”, meaning the people who adhere to a caste system.〔“Ancient Pyu” page 4. Professor U Than Tun M.A.B.L.D. Lit. Ph.D.〕
The majority of Indians arrived in Burma whilst it was part of British India. Starting with the annexation of Tenasserim and Western Burma after the First Anglo-Burmese War, a steady stream of Indians moved to Burma as civil servants, engineers, river pilots, soldiers, indentured labourers and traders.〔 Following the annexation of Upper Burma in 1885, numerous infrastructure projects started by the British colonial government and increases in rice cultivation in the delta region caused an unprecedented economical boom in Burma that drew many Indians, particularly from southern India, to the Irrawaddy Delta region.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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